Oian Yi (1032-1113), also named Zhongyang, was a well-known doctor in Song Dynasty, and was also a famous pediatrician in Chinese medical history, who was called "the Saint of Pediatrics" and "the Originator of Pediatrics". The Keys to Therapeutic of Children's Diseases written by him was the first existing pediatric monograph in China, which systematically summarized the treatment of children's diseases based on comprehensive diagno-sis for the first time. The pediatrics thereafter developed into an independent discipline in traditional Chinese medicine. The famous prescription "Liuwei Dihuang Pill" invited by Qian Yi has been widely used in clinic for its outstanding curative effect.